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"War of the Roses" redirects here. For other uses, see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation).
Important locations in the Wars of the Roses[show]v • d • eWars of the Roses
1st St Albans – Blore Heath – Ludford Bridge – Northampton – Wakefield – Mortimer's Cross – 2nd St Albans – Ferrybridge – Towton – Hedgeley Moor – Hexham – Edgecote Moor – Lose–coat Field – Barnet – Tewkesbury – Bosworth Field – Stoke Field
The Wars of the Roses (1453–1487) were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York. Although armed clashes had occurred previously between supporters of Lancastrian King Henry VI and Richard, Duke of York, head of the rival House of York, the first open fighting broke out in 1455 and resumed more violently in 1459. Henry was captured and Richard became Protector of England, but was dissuaded from claiming the throne. Inspired by Henry's Queen, Margaret of Anjou, the Lancastrians resumed the conflict, and Richard was killed in battle at the end of 1460. His eldest son was proclaimed King Edward IV after winning a crushing victory at the Battle of Towton early in 1461.
After minor Lancastrian revolts were suppressed in 1464 and Henry was captured once again, Edward fell out with his chief supporter and advisor, the Earl of Warwick (known as the "Kingmaker"), who tried first to supplant him with his jealous younger brother George, and then to restore Henry VI to the throne. This resulted in two years of rapid changes of fortune, before Edward IV once again won a complete victory in 1471. Warwick and the Lancastrian heir Edward, Prince of Wales died in battle and Henry was murdered immediately afterwards.
A period of comparative peace followed, but Edward died unexpectedly in 1483. His surviving brother Richard of Gloucester first moved to prevent the unpopular family of Edward's widow, Elizabeth Woodville, from participating in government during the minority of Edward's son, Edward V, and then seized the throne for himself, using the suspect legitimacy of Edward IV's marriage as pretext. This provoked several revolts, and Henry Tudor, a distant relative of the Lancastrian kings who had nevertheless inherited their claim, overcame and killed Richard in battle at Bosworth in 1485.
Yorkist revolts flared up in 1487, resulting in the last pitched battles. Sporadic rebellions continued to take place until Perkin Warbeck, the last (and fraudulent) Yorkist pretender, was executed in 1499.
The wars were fought largely by the landed aristocracy and armies of feudal retainers, with some foreign mercenaries. Support for each house largely depended upon dynastic factors, such as marriages within the nobility, feudal titles, and tenures. It is sometimes difficult to follow the shifts of power and allegiance because nobles acquired or lost titles through marriage, confiscation or attainture. For example, the Lancastrian patriarch John of Gaunt's first title was Earl of Richmond, the same title which Henry VII later held, while the Yorkist patriarch Edmund of Langley's first title was Earl of Cambridge. However it was not uncommon for nobles to switch sides and several battles were decided by treachery.
Since the Lancaster family and York Royal war of the roses ( 1455-1485 ), rose to become the symbol of England, England unified throughout the UK, United Kingdom, rose gradually became the British National flower. The wars of the roses, at that time on behalf of Lancaster Royal is a red rose, white rose on behalf of York Royal is. York royal power was Lancaster Royal defeated collapse, but the two sides in the war by marriage and reconciliation, so the two royal representative thereof, the two rose to be made one, a red rose white core. Then, the white Xinhong rose has become a symbol of England, has become a symbol of the United Kingdom
玫瑰战争(又称蔷薇战争，英语:Wars of the Roses；1455年─1485年)是英王爱德华三世(1327年-1377年在位)的两支后裔:兰开斯特家族和约克家族的支持者为了争夺英格兰王位而发生断续的内战。
两大家族都是金雀花王朝王室的分支，约克家族是爱德华三世的第四子的后裔、兰开斯特家族是爱德华三世的第三子的后裔。玫瑰战争是约克家族的爱德华三世的第五代、第六代继承人对兰开斯特家族的爱德华三世的第四代、第五代继承人的王位战争。
"玫瑰战争"一名并未使用于当时，而是在16世纪，莎士比亚在历史剧《亨利六世》中以两朵玫瑰被拔标志战争的开始后才成为普遍用语。此名称源于两个家族所选的家徽，兰开斯特的红蔷薇和约克的白蔷薇。
战争最终以兰开斯特家族的亨利七世与约克的伊丽莎白联姻为结束，也结束了法国金雀花王朝在英格兰的统治，开启了新的威尔士人都铎王朝的统治。 也标记着在英格兰中世纪时期的结束并走向新的文艺复兴时代。
为了纪念这次战争，英格兰以玫瑰为国花，并把皇室徽章改为红白玫瑰。
Wars of the Roses (1455-1487), or rose of war, usually refers to the British House of Lancaster and York between supporters of the dynasty to the throne of England the intermittent civil war. Plantagenet royal family are the two branches, is a descendant of King Edward III. Wars of the Roses is not the name used at the time, it's home from the selected two royal emblem, the red roses of Lancaster and York's white rose.
War of the roses The Very Brief Summary Following the usurpation of the throne in 1399 by a junior line of the Plantagenet family, the third of these Lancastrian kings proved to be both incompetent and mentally unstable. After a few years of gradually escalating warfare, the throne was taken by the Yorkist line of the Plantagenets in 1461. The Lancastrians, with the help of the Kingmaker, took it back in 1470and lost it again in 1471. The popular Yorkist King Edward held the throne until his death in 1483. The king's younger brother, Richard, put the king's sons in the Tower of London and took the crown himself. In 1485, Henry Tudor, a collateral heir of the Lancastrians, invaded from France and won the Battle of Bosworth killing King Richard. Thus Henry became the first king of the Tudor dynasty. 答案由【英语精英团】与【英语牛人圑】提供
War of the Roses, which took place from 1455 to 1485 was a series of civil wars fought between two opposing royal branches, the houses of Lancaster and the House of York, for the throne of England. They were both led by offspring of the King of England: Edward the Third, who reigned from 1327- 1377. The two Houses were both braches of the royal House of Plantagenet, House of York was led by the second elderly son of Edward III, Lancaster is let by the third son of Edward III. The War of Roses was the war for the throne between the fifth and sixth successor from the House of York and the fourth and fifth successor from the house of Lancaster. In this documentary, author Phillipa Gregory ( the film mentioned above is a derivation of her best-selling book) depicted the story of some historically documented and indespensable female figures. 这个网站是英文版的很多信息，乃也可以去参考下。。http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses 某只历史不行求放过。。。希望我这可怜的英文程度可以帮到你～～ 如果满意求采纳～那是对我很大很大的认可哟～
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